home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
World of Education
/
World of Education.iso
/
world_k
/
kapian.zip
/
KAPIAN.DOC
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1993-01-10
|
189KB
|
5,207 lines
U S E R S M A N U A L
F O R
┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌┐ ┌───────┐ ┌┐ ┌───────┐ ┌┐ ┌──────┐ ┌┐ │
│ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │
│ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │ │ ││ │
│ └┘ └───────┘ └┘ └───────┘ └┘ └──────┘ └┘ │
│ │
│ │
│ ├─── │ │ │
│ ───┼────── ├──┴── │
│ │ \ ├──┐ │
│ │ \ │ │ │
│ │ \ │ │ │
│ │ / │ │
K A P I A N :
Chinese Flash Cards
S H A R E W A R E V E R S I O N
By Phil Mosier
KAPIAN is copyright (C) 1989 , 1990 Phil Mosier
2728 Bridgeford Drive
Sacramento, CA 95833
Kapian is Shareware. Users are granted a
limited license to copy Kapian only for the trial use of
others; subject to the following conditions. Non-
registered users are granted a limited license to use
Kapian on a trial basis for the purpose of determining
whether Kapian is suitable for their needs. Use of
Kapian except for this limited purpose requires
registration. Use of non-registered copies of Kapian by
any person, business, corporation, governmental agency
or other entity institution is strictly forbidden. No
user may modify Kapian in any way, including but not
limited to decompiling, disassembling or otherwise
reverse engineering the program.
Kapian must be copied in unmodified form, complete
with the file containing this license information. The
full Kapian documentation must be included with the
copy. No fee, charge or other compensation may be
accepted or requested by any licensee. Kapian may not
be distributed in conjunction with any other product.
Operators of electronic bulletin board systems (Sysops)
may post Kapian for down loading by their users.
Distributors of public domain or user supported software
may distribute copies of Kapian after obtaining written
permission. Such permission is usually granted.
Those who find this disk helpful in their study
will want to purchase the licensed disks. See last page
for order form.
Member:
_______________┌─────────┐________________________
┌──────┴──┐ │
│ │ O │ Association of
│ ┌────┴─╨──┐ │
│ │ ├─┘ Shareware
└────┤ O │
│ ║ │ Professionals
------------└────╨────┘---------------------------
(R) Registered
For support call (916)927-2602 or write:
Selfhelp Software
2728 Bridgeford Drive
Sacramento CA 95833
TABLE OF CONTENTS
****************************************************
****************************************************
Introduction . . . . . . . . 6
Getting Started . . . . . . . 9
Files that are required
Special Files
Part 1: KAPIAN
KAPIAN: Introduction . . . . . . 13
Running KAPIAN
Main Menu
Program Information
KAPIAN: Change Test Defaults . . . . . 15
Given vs Select
Form of Character
KAPIAN: Change Display Defaults . . . . 18
Color
Line
Sound
Timing
KAPIAN: Change Vocabulary Set . . . . . 22
KAPIAN: Study . . . . . . . . 26
Program Information
KAPIAN: Begin Test . . . . . . . 28
Given vs Select
Romanization
Form of Character
Part 2: HANZI
HANZI: Introduction . . . . . . . 32
Program Information
4
HANZI: Change Defaults . . . . . . 34
Color
Line width
Sound
Timing
HANZI: List the file. . . . . . . 38
HANZI: Add a Character . . . . . . 40
HANZI: Save the character. . . . . . 49
HANZI: Retrieve a character . . . . . 52
HANZI: Modify character . . . . . . 54
HANZI: Practice set . . . . . . 55
Part 3: Gongke
GONGKE: Introduction. . . . . . . 61
Program Information
GONGKE: Change defaults . . . . . . 64
Color
Line width
Sound
Timing
GONGKE: Add a screen . . . . . . 70
GONGKE: Save current screen . . . . . 77
GONGKE: Retrieve a screen . . . . . 78
GONGKE: Modify current screen. . . . . 80
GONGKE: Practice . . . . . . . 81
Glossary . . . . . . . . . 87
Order Form . . . . . . . . 90
5
Introduction
******************************************************
******************************************************
Kapian means "cards" or "flash cards" in Chinese.
The use of flash cards has long been considered an
important part of studying European languages. A word
from one language is put on one side of the card and the
translation of that word in a different language is put
on the other side. This is repeated for all the
vocabulary you want to study. The deck of cards is then
shuffled and the student looks at one side and tries to
remember the other word. But the student of Chinese has
been faced with a more complicated problem. Here you
need to study 1) the Chinese character (either Long or
Short Form), 2) the romanized sound, in the particular
dialect you want to learn (Mandarin for instance,
romanized perhaps in Pinyin), and 3) the English
meaning. You needed either a three-sided card or three
decks of cards at the very least; various types of
romanization also added to the problem. Now there is an
answer. You can use the computer program KAPIAN:
Chinese Flash Cards to study this age old language. Let
the computer shuffle the "Cards" and show them to you.
Kapian provides easy to follow menus, offers a great
assortment of study methods, and presents an attractive
appearance on the screen.
This manual is designed for the beginning users of
a computer. You will be walked through the steps one by
one. If you do not understand any terms, there is a
GLOSSARY in the back. All three programs are described
in great detail.
You can use KAPIAN to study the vocabulary that is
currently available, or enlarge the number of character
with HANZI. You could also enlarge the number of
English terms by just finding more combinations that are
not now in the lesson files, or make up a new lesson
file with additional methods of romanization that you
want to learn for these same characters with GONGKE.
Every need of the student has been taken into
consideration.
6
If you must study in a quiet place, you can even
turn OFF the sounds of the title theme, warning and
mistake-beeps. Kapian is designed for the person who
wants to study Chinese but who may know very little
about computers.
With KAPIAN the student is not limited to either
Long or Short Form Chinese characters. This is
important for traveler or anyone interested in a broad
understanding of Chinese. The Long Form characters are
still used in Taiwan and in Hong Kong. The Short Form
has been adopted in the Peoples Republic of China.
You can easily and quickly choose any one of ten
testing displays:
Given long form characters, you select romanization
Given short form characters, you select romanization
Given long form characters, you select English
Given short form characters, you select English
Given English meaning, you select romanization
Given English meaning, you select long form characters
Given English meaning, you select short form characters
Given romanization, you select English
Given romanization, you select long form characters
Given romanization, you select short form characters
HANZI is the program that adds to the files of
Chinese characters, or it could be used to modify those
that are already in the files.
With GONGKE you can make lesson files in different
romanizations. You could add files with Yale, Wade
Giles, or Cantonese romanizations.
All the programs also draw the characters on the
screen one stroke at a time, in correct stroke order.
You adjust the speed at which it writes these strokes.
If you want to watch and learn as the strokes are slowly
drawn, set the speed to SLOW or NORMAL. If you want to
quickly look at the characters for review or during a
self test, set the speed for FAST or NO DELAY.
KAPIAN does require an IBM computer or compatible,
and it must have a CGA graphics card (or, of course, you
could run a utility like SIMCGA and against a Hercules
Graphics card to simulate an IBM CGA environment). If
you have a color monitor, the colors can be changed when
you like. On a black and white monitor you will only be
changing the shades of grey.
Finally even the thickness of the lines on the
screen can be changed. All of this means that KAPIAN is
not only versatile, easy to use, but it offers an
attractive display that you can customize to your
preference and mood.
7
Try studying Chinese this new modern way. And feel
free to pass this disk on to other students and teachers
of Chinese.
8
Getting Started
*************************************************
*************************************************
In order to use these program there are some system
requirements. This program runs on an IBM Personal
Computer or compatible. It requires a CGA graphics card.
You must have all the required files on the current
drive and directory.
The first step is always to make a backup copy of
the disk for protection from all those unspeakable
things that threaten computer data on floppies. Put
your original in drive A: and a blank formatted floppy
in drive B:
COPY A:\*.* B:\*.*
Then put your original in a safe place (I like to
put a write protect tap on my originals) and begin to
use the copy.
For use of KAPIAN on a dual floppy system; put the
work copy in drive A:. You can put the files you need
on that floppy to run KAPIAN. 1) KAPIAN.EXE; 2) a
lesson file; 3) either LONG.FRM or SHORT.FRM; and 4)
the parameter file BIAN.SHU.
If you have a hard drive and you want to run KAPIAN
from there you can copy these files to any sub-
directory on that drive.
For hard drive users, first change drives:
C:
Then make a sub-directory, perhaps named Kapian:
MD KAPIAN
Then copy the files to that sub-directory, in this
case Kapian:
COPY A:*.* C:\KAPIAN\*.*
9
Then change directories:
CD KAPIAN
In either case you should find all these files when
you do a directory inquiry command:
DIR
*********************
Required files
*********************
KAPIAN.EXE -- Is the executable program that allows
you to study and practice either: the Chinese
characters, the English meaning, or the romanized sounds
of the Chinese vocabulary, in various combinations. It
also provides a variety of display choices and Long Form
or Short Form Chinese characters.
You will need at least one Lesson File. The lesson
file names reveal a lot of information about the
vocabulary in the file once you know the code. The
first file you probably will use will be: FOREIA01.PIN.
Like the other lesson files FOREIA01.PIN is a name with
special meaning: The first five letters are the first
five letters of the author's name (In this case this is
FOREI for FOREIgn Languages Press of Beijing, China).
The next letter in the file name identifies the text
book series (In this package it is A for Elementary
Chinese Readers). The next part of each file's name are
two digits that tell you the set of vocabulary covered
(01 to 05 for the first volume in this text book
series). And finally the three letter extension tells
you the romanization method used in that file (.PIN for
Pinyin). Pinyin is the romanization that is used in
Elementary Chinese Readers. As a licensee you will get
yearly notices of the current list of files you can
purchase that is each year there will hopefully be a
bigger version of LONG.FRM, SHORT.FRM and more lesson
files.
The Following Lesson Files are included in the
package with version 1.1:
FOREIA01.PIN
FOREIA02.PIN
FOREIA03.PIN
FOREIA04.PIN
FOREIA05.PIN
MOSIEF01.PIN
MOSIEF02.PIN
MOSIEF03.PIN
MOSIEF01.WAD
MOSIEF02.WAD
MOSIEF03.WAD
10
MOSIEF01.YAL
MOSIEF02.YAL
MOSIEF03.YAL
MOSIEF01.CAT
MOSIEF02.CAT
MOSIEF03.CAT
LONG.FRM -- This is a data base of Chinese
characters in Long Form; it is made and added to by the
program HANZI. All the characters you need for the
lesson files must be included in this file. As a
licensee you will be told about bigger versions of
LONG.FRM as they become available.
SHORT.FRM -- This is a data base of Chinese
characters in Short Form. It also is made and added to
by the program HANZI. All the characters you need for
the lesson files also must be here, but about a third
are different in appearance. Again as a licensee you
will be informed of bigger versions of SHORT.FRM as they
become available.
BIAN.SHU -- Bianshu means variable, and this file
remembers the values of the various display settings you
chose the last time you used KAPIAN, HANZI or GONGKE.
**********************
Special Files
**********************
HANZI.EXE -- This is an executable program that
makes, modifies, and enlarges the Chinese files:
LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM. After you create a character
you can save it either to the LONG.FRM file, the
SHORT.FRM file, or both. You must give it a number that
will be used to find it again. You may, if you want,
give it a romanized sound, this is optional, and it may
be any method of romanization with which you feel most
comfortable. The characters in LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM
provided with the package are romanized in Pinyin.
GONGKE.EXE -- The GONGKE or lessons are made by
this program. It build screens that you can use to test
yourself or others. It accepts romanization of Chinese
sounds either upper case or lower or a mix. It will
allow the tone marks, or the tone numbers. It assumes
that all the characters you will use in this new lesson
practice are made. If they are not you should make them
first. The Chinese characters are accessed by numbers,
numbers given them when they are made by using the
program HANZI.EXE.
11
Part 1: KAPIAN
12
KAPIAN: Introduction
*********************************************
*********************************************
The rest of this manual is in the form of a
tutorial. There will be step by step instructions to
guide you through, using KAPIAN, then making characters
with HANZI, and finally making lessons with GONGKE. At
the end of each part you will have a chance to practice
what you have learned. Any technical details that you
need to know will be covered during the tutorial.
**************************
Running KAPIAN
**************************
The first time you run KAPIAN the sound will be
set on, so a theme song will play, if you are in a place
where this will disturb others you may want to make sure
you start with the sound off. There is a special silent
parameter file included QUIET.ONE. For silent running
the first time off:
DEL BIAN.SHU
COPY QUIET.ONE BIAN.SHU
Now you are ready to run the program:
KAPIAN
When you type and enter this, the program title
will appear on the screen. If you have set SOUND ON the
last time you ran the program, the theme song will start
to play.
When this is done, you press any key; and the
character and lesson files are loaded into memory. This
will take about 30 to 40 seconds.
******************
Main Menu
******************
Then a menu appears.
13
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌─────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────┐ │
│ ├───┐ │ │ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌───┤ │
│ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │
│ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │
│ └─────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │
│ │
│ │
│ P Program Information │
│ │
│ T Change Test Defaults │
│ │
│ D Change Display Defaults │
│ │
│ V Change Vocabulary Set │
│ │
│ S Begin Test │
│ │
│ Q Quit │
│ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
At the top of the Menu is a selection called
"Program Information." You may as well start at the
top.
************************
Program Information
************************
Like most activity in KAPIAN this also runs in what
is called "HOT KEY" mode. That is, you only need to
touch the key to make your selection. You do not need
to hit the <enter> key:
P
Now you should have a screen that tells you some
basic information about the program. You return to the
MAIN MENU by pressing any key. You Quit the MAIN MENU
(which is to say KAPIAN) with
Q
14
KAPIAN: Changing Test Defaults
******************************************************
******************************************************
KAPIAN offers a variety of methods and manners of
self testing and a simple method of choosing between
them. The next area you will want to use is that marked
"Change Test Defaults" in the MAIN MENU. In order to
bring up the CHANGE TEST DEFAULTS SCREEN press:
T
This menu will then appear in the upper half of the
screen:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌───────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │
│ └───────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ G Given vs Select : │
│ GIVEN CHINESE CHARACTERS │
│ SELECT ENGLISH MEANING │
│ │
│ F Form of character: SHORT FORM │
│ │
│ Q Quit │
│ │
│ ─────────────────────────────────────── │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
You may be happy with this set of current
selections and just leave this menu by selecting "Quit"
as you can through most of the screens in this series of
programs:
Q
15
You will be returned to the MAIN MENU SCREEN.
***********************
Given vs Select
***********************
If you want to change to a new manner of testing on
the same vocabulary here is where you can select between
6 possible types. If you want to change the current
practice display, you select "Given vs Select":
G
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ └────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ │
│ G Given vs Select : │
│ GIVEN CHINESE CHARACTERS │
│ SELECT ENGLISH MEANING │
│ │
│ F Form of character: SHORT FORM │
│ │
│ Q Quit │
│ │
│ ────────────────────────────────── │
│ │
│ Do you want: │
│ │
│ 1 CHARACTERS, SELECT ROMANIZATION │
│ 2 CHARACTERS, SELECT ENGLISH │
│ 3 ENGLISH, SELECT ROMANIZATION │
│ 4 ENGLISH, SELECT CHARACTERS │
│ 5 ROMANIZATION, SELECT ENGLISH │
│ 6 ROMANIZATION, SELECT CHARACTERS │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────┘
The six possible screen arrangements for practice
will be shown at the bottom of the screen and numbered 1
to 6. You will have to select one of these. If you
want the same choice as the current selection or if you
want a new one, just press the number beside your
choice. The bottom half of the screen will clear, and
the CHANGE TEST DEFAULT SCREEN will be changed to
reflect your choice.
16
*************************
Form of Character
*************************
When you want to change to the other "Form of
Character", here is also where you have that choice. If
you want to change the current form and study the other
form of Chinese characters chose, "Form of Character":
F
The two possible character forms will be listed at
the bottom of the screen, and you must select either:
----------------------------------
On which form of Chinese characters
do you want to be tested?
1 SHORT FORM
2 LONG FORM
----------------------------------
Once you have done this, it will take another 30 to
40 seconds for the new character file to be loaded; then
the CHANGE TEST DEFAULT SCREEN will be changed to
reflect your choice, and the bottom of the screen will
be blank again.
When you are done here, return to the MAIN MENU by
typing:
Q
17
KAPIAN: Change Display Defaults
*****************************************************
*****************************************************
Next you may want to use the "Change display
defaults." So select:
D
The CHANGE DISPLAY DEFAULTS SCREEN will appear:
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌──────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│ │ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ ┌────┐ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ │ │
│ └──────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│ │
│ C Color WHITE LETTERS ON BLUE │
│ L Line NARROW │
│ S Sound OFF │
│ T Timing NORMAL │
│ │
│ Q Quit │
│ ───────────────────────────────────────── │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
***********
Color
***********
For those of you who are lucky enough to have a
color monitor on your computer, here is your chance to
get to get some good out of it. Any time you get bored
with the current color of your screen, you can come to
this screen and easily change it:
18
C
The different color combinations that are available
will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. You must
choose one:
-------------------------
Do you want:
1 WHITE ON RED
2 WHITE ON BLUE
3 GOLD ON RED
4 GOLD ON BLUE
5 GOLD ON BLACK
-------------------------
Once you have made your choice, the bottom will go
blank, and the choice will be seen, this time both in
the new display and the new colors. If you have a black
and white screen it will show new shades of grey.
******************
Line width
******************
You also have the chance here to see the characters
take on a slightly different look by changing the width
of the lines the computer uses to draw them:
L
These choices will show up when you press L:
-------------------------
1 WIDE LINES
2 NARROW LINES
-------------------------
The choice again is yours. Once you make it, you
will be returned to the CHANGE DISPLAY DEFAULTS screen;
and this time you will see the new look you have
selected.
*************
Sound
*************
Even though the introductory title song is pretty
and the sounds that can come from this program can be
helpful in determining your progress with Chinese, there
are times when you don't want any noise. So you can
make that change:
19
S
And you will be asked:
-------------------------
Do you want the sound:
1 ON
-------------------------
The opening theme, error warnings, and mistake
alarms can be turned OFF or ON here. If you select OFF,
you will only have the error screens to warn you of your
wrong answers or wrong key strokes. But you can always
come back here and turn the sound ON again when you feel
it won't disturb anyone.
*************
Timing
*************
Changing the timing is another one of the controls
that can be customized to fit into any study schedule.
The speed that the characters can be drawn on the screen
greatly affects the speed of your study and practice;
but it also allows you to study an important part of the
language, stroke order. If you make an effort to
understand stroke order, you may someday understand some
Chinese script, running hand :
T
The choices as usual are displayed at the bottom:
-------------------------
How long should the computer
take to draw a character
1 SLOW SPEED
2 NORMAL SPEED
3 FAST SPEED
4 NO DELAY
-------------------------
You may find, for instance, that you will want to
watch the character get drawn slowly while you study, or
when the character is the given form, in the test. Then
you may want to come here and change to FAST or NO DELAY
when you are given an English meaning and are selecting
from the four Chinese character combinations at the
bottom of the screen. This, like the other defaults,
can be switched back and forth whenever you like.
20
As before:
Q
QUITS this menu and returns you to the MAIN MENU.
21
KAPIAN: Change Vocabulary Set
****************************************************
****************************************************
Once you have mastered one level of your Chinese
studies you will want to go on and begin on a new set of
vocabulary. At that time select "Change Vocabulary Set"
from the MAIN MENU:
V
It is here,at the CHANGE VOCABULARY SET SCREEN,
that you select a new lesson file to study. You do this
by selecting a new file name. The first lesson file,
the one that comes initially with the first run of
Kapian is FOREIA01.PIN. Kapian loaded it because it was
initially named in the parameter file BIAN.SHU. You can
now change that. If you make some lessons of your own
you can load them here.
If you select:
N
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌───────────┬───────────┬───────────┬───────────┐ │
│ │ ┌──┬──┐ │ ┌──┬──┐ │ ┌──┬──┐ │ ┌──┬──┐ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ ├──┘ │ └──┴──┘ │ └──┴──┘ │ └──┴──┘ │ └──┤ │
│ └─────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴─────┘ │
│ │
│ The Vocabulary from file: │
│ FOREIA01.PIN │
│ is now loaded into KAPIAN │
│ do you want to change that? │
│ Yes or No ( Y/ N) ? │
│ ───────────────────────────────────────────── │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
22
you are returned to the MAIN MENU. If you select:
Y
A description of the input needed will be displayed
at the bottom of the screen. You need to type the file
name of the lesson file you want to practice. The file
you study must be in the current drive/directory. This
could be one of the 17 lesson files that come with the
package or one that you have made.
The new bottom part of the screen will look like
this:
-------------------------
1..5 First 5 letters of the file = first 5
letters of author's name
FOREI = Foreign Languages Press.
6 What textbook series A..Z
7..8 What lesson number 01..99
9 What romanization method;
P=PIN, W=WAD, Y= YAL, C=CAT
12345678.9
_
-------------------------
You could back out at this point with a backspace.
The package comes with 5 files that match the first
volume of a text book series by Beijing's Foreign
Languages Press so to load another file in that series
of files you will type in:
FOREI
to signify the author;
Next you will type in:
A
That stands for Elementary Chinese Readers, a
series of 4 volumes. You can also purchase tapes to
accompany these textbooks. This is the textbook series
purchase the books and tapes from.
China Books and Periodicals
2929 Twenty-fourth Street
San Francisco, CA 94110
Ph (415) 282-2994
23
Of course this same basic vocabulary is common to
many beginning level Chinese text books. As Foreign
Languages Press offers other text books, as do many
other authors. the letters A..Z are all acceptable here.
Additional files using some of these letters may become
available later.
Next you will enter the file number; it must be two
digits:
02
for instance. This will give the second lesson file in
the series of 5 files for the first volume of Elementary
Chinese Readers. The first Volume of Elementary Chinese
Readers has 26 lessons; they have been put on 5 files.
Each file contains about fifty English meanings, so here
will be a 250 word vocabulary. The Chinese translation
of these English words requires about 270 Chinese
characters.
Then you will have to select the romanization
method you want to study. Even though this textbook
uses Pinyin some files could be made up to cover the
same vocabulary in a different romanization; Yale, Wade
Giles, or Cantonese. So you need to respond to the
question for position 9:
What romanization method; P=PIN, W=WAD, Y=YAL, C=CAT
The text is romanized in Pinyin, so type:
P
this will start the process of 1) changing the parameter
file, 2) loading a new Gongke file into memory, and
3)loading its accompanying characters. With this last
selection you will have completed the coded name for the
new lesson file, FOREIA02.PIN. This may take about half
a minute. When it is done, you will have that new name
displayed at the top of the screen where the old file
name was before.
You have also gotten the additional lesson files by
me, Phil Mosier, at the time of the release I noticed
that individual characters were often not defined in the
text. So I made up files that provide practice on these
individual characters and their sounds and meanings they
are called
24
MOSIEF01.PIN
MOSIE For the first five letters of my name.
F Indicates that they are about FOREIGN
LANGUAGE PRESS books.
01 These numbers are 01 through 03.
P Would be selected to get file extension PIN
and the romanization is Pinyin.
These three files are also available in Wade
Giles, Yale and Cantonese romanizations. These files
offer a chance to study the characters that were
presented in some combinations but were not studied
individually by the Elementary Chinese Readers.
You can easily make your own additional new files
with the program GONGKE. GONGKE will 1) extend the
vocabulary of English meanings, 2) rearrange the
vocabulary to match other text books, or 3) produce
files with other romanization methods.
You can add to both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM
character files with the program HANZI.EXE. HANZI is
discussed latter in this manual.
Work is in progress to add files. There is a
yearly newsletter that will report new lesson files like
these that will be added. Licensed users will be
informed when new larger vocabulary sets are ready.
You may form work groups to add more data to these
files and make new files. That is you may want to form
KAPAIN Users Groups. Much more could be done as a group
and more learning would take place in the process.
You now go back to the MAIN MENU with:
N
that is a "No" answer to the question: "Do you want to
change that?"
25
KAPIAN: Study
********************************************
********************************************
KAPIAN offers a easy way to study the current
vocabulary. Type the letter:
S
for "Study." you do not need to enter it.
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌──────┐ ┌─────┐ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ ┌─┼─────────────────────────────────┼─┐ │ │
│ └────┼─┘ └─┼───┘ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ └───┴───┘ │ │
│ │ _ │ │
│ │ shan │ │
│ │ │ │
│ │ mountain, hill │ │
│ ┌────┼─┐ ┌─┼───┐ │
│ │ └─┼─────────────────────────────────┼─┘ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │
│ └──────┘ Next Quit └─────┘ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
This is the STUDY SCREEN
Display will appear showing the first Chinese
character in the current lesson, it's romanized sound,
and it's meaning. The Chinese character will be drawn
on the screen either : 1) SLOW ,2) with NORMAL DELAY
between strokes, 3) FAST, or 4) with NO DELAY (depending
on the default you used the last time you ran the
program).
26
You can choose either to continue viewing this
series of screens by selecting Next:
N
and the next meaning will appear, or you can QUIT at any
time by selecting:
Q
You will be returned to the MAIN MENU SCREEN at the
end of the series of STUDY SCREENS or when you select
"Q".
27
Begin the Self Test
***********************************************
***********************************************
It is hard to tell you what you will see when you
begin to test your knowledge of Chinese, because in a
real sense you have designed the test to suit what you
want to study at this time and the way you want to study
it.
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ┌─────┐ ┌──────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────┐ │
│ ├───┐ │ │ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌───┐ ┌───┐ │ │ ┌───┤ │
│ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │ ┌─┘ │ │ └─┐ │ │
│ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │ └───┘ └───┘ │ │
│ └─────────────┘ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘ │
│ _ │
│ shan │
│ │
│ ┌─────┐ │
│ │ ┌─┐ │ │ │
│ │ └─┘ │ │ │ │ │
│ 1) └─────┘ 2) └──┴──┘ │
│ ┌───┐ │
│ ├───┤ │
│ └─┬─┘ ┌─┐ │ │ │
│ 3) ─┼─ 4) └─┘ └──┤ │
│ │ │ │
│ │
│ select correct answer or Quit │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Here is Pinyin romanization and you select the
Chinese characters.
You BEGIN TEST by typing:
B
After that you may be looking at the Chinese
character and selecting the Pinyin romanization of its
sound, or you could be looking at the romanization of
the sound and selecting its English meaning. The Chinese
28
Characters could be in Long or Short Form, but there are
some things I can warn you about.
The screens you have selected will appear in a
different order each time you go through the test. The
choices at the bottom of the screen will also be
changed. You will either choose the number of the
correct answer 1 to 4 or Q for QUIT.
┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ ────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┬───────┐ │
│ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ ┌──┐ │ │
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ └────┘ │
│ │
│ │ │
│ │ │ │ │
│ └───┴────┘ │
│ │
│ 1) to call, to be called │
│ │
│ 2) mountain, hill │
│ │
│ 3) to return │
│ │
│ 4) early │
│ │
│ select correct answer, or Quit │
└───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
This is an example of being given Chinese
characters and selecting the English.
If you have selected sound ON, there are two
sounds that may occur at this time. If you hit a key
that is not a valid choice -- say a letter like "T" --
you will hear an error warning sound; and an error
screen will appear, then the screen you were looking at
will return. If you choose the wrong number, a
different mistake alarm will sound, and a different
error screen will appear -- then the next BEGIN TEST
SCREEN will show up. If you make a mistake, the word
will also be added to those that will be listed for your
review at the end of the test.
If you have selected sound OFF, no sounds will be
made by the system during the running of this program --
nor the next runs -- until you set it on again. Only
the error screens will be seen when you make a mistake.
So you will know if you make a mistake even when you are
running silently. You can end the drill either by
finishing the set of vocabulary or QUIT at any time:
Q
29
If you made no mistakes, the screen will say so; or
the words you need to study will be displayed one at a
time, just as they looked when you saw them in STUDY
SCREENS. Again you will go through them with N for
NEXT; or, if you don't want to see them any more this
day, you can QUIT this also with a :
Q
Then you will be returned to the MAIN MENU.
You will probably want to use the full range of
test conditions that are available from this program.
Given Long form characters, select romanization
Given Short form characters, select romanization
Given Long form characters, select English
Given Short form characters, select English
Given English meaning, select Romanization
Given English meaning, select Long form characters
Given English meaning, select Short form characters
Given romanization, select English
Given romanization, select Long form characters
Given romanization, select Short form characters
Here you have 10 different tests for the same
lesson file. So you can keep busy practicing for quite
a while before you need to go on to new vocabulary.
Happy studying!
30
Part 2: HANZI
31
HANZI: Introduction
***************************************************
***************************************************
When it is time to learn about making new
characters, and you have a couple hours to work at it
you can do this exercise. First you may want to read
through these instructions for the program HANZI. This
program adds characters to either the file LONG.FRM,
SHORT.FRM or BOTH at the same time. In order to do
this you will have to have those files on the same
drive/directory combination as HANZI.EXE and BIAN.SHU.
So if you are using a dual floppy disk system,
copy them to the same floppy where HANZI is:
COPY HANZI.EXE B:
COPY LONG.FRM B: or COPY SHORT.FRM B:
COPY BIAN.SHU B:
or if you are using a hard drive they should already be
together on the same drive/directory.
I hope you have already make a backup of all these
files, if not, this is a good time to do so.
You may want to print up a few copies of the file
CHARACTR.TXT. This form will be helpful as you plan the
characters you want to add. You can just use the DOS
copy command. Most dot matrix printers will print this
file if you have set your printer to graphics on:
COPY CHARACTR.TXT PRN
your favorite word processor will probably provide the
capability to print multiple copies.
Before starting Hanzi I would turn the graphics on
by entering:
GRAPHICS
at the DOS prompt. And if your printer does not have
the switch for graphics turned on, be it hardware or a
software switch, this may be a good time to do that,
32
also. Then you can make screen prints, as well as have
the file on disk, and your handwritten copy.
You start the program by typing:
HANZI
The TITLE SCREEN will come up and ask you to press
any key.
Then you will see the menu, and again it will offer
letters that stand for the selections. The PROGRAM
INFORMATION SCREEN can be selected by pressing:
P
You return to this screen by pressing any key.
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ │
│ P Program information │
│ │
│ C Change defaults │
│ │
│ L List the files │
│ │
│ A Add a character │
│ │
│ S Save the character │
│ │
│ R Retrieve a character │
│ │
│ M Modify character │
│ │
│ Q Quit │
│ │
│ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
By selecting "Change defaults" you can again make
changes that will allow you to tailor the display to
your liking.
33
HANZI: Change defaults
**************************************************
**************************************************
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ │
│ C Color GOLD LETTERS ON BLACK │
│ L Line NARROW │
│ S Sound ON │
│ T Timing NORMAL │
│ F File LONG.FRM │
│ Current drive and directory │
│ │
│ Q Quit? │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
************
Color
************
For those of you with a color monitor on your
computer, you can select the colors you like. Any time
you get bored with the current color of your screen, you
can come to this screen and easily change it:
C
The different color combinations that are
available will be displayed at the bottom of the screen.
You must choose one:
34
-------------------------
Do you want:
1 WHITE ON RED
2 WHITE ON BLUE
3 GOLD ON RED
4 GOLD ON BLUE
5 GOLD ON BLACK
-------------------------
Again, once you have made your choice, the bottom
will go blank, and the choice will be seen. If you have
a black and white screen, it will show new shades of
grey.
*****************
Line width
*****************
You also can see the characters take on a slightly
different look by changing the width of the lines:
L
These choices will show up when you press L:
--------------------------
1 WIDE LINES
2 NARROW LINES
--------------------------
The choice is yours Once you make it, you will be
returned to the CHANGE DISPLAY DEFAULTS SCREEN; and this
time you will see the new look you have selected.
*************
Sound
*************
To turn the sound ON or OFF:
S
And you will be asked:
---------------------------------
Do you want the sound: 1 ON
2 OFF
-----------------------------------
35
The error warnings can be turned OFF or ON here.
If you select OFF, you will only have the error screens
to warn you of your wrong key strokes. It is
recommended you set the sound on for this character
development exercise.
**************
Timing
**************
You need to see how your strokes are working so
set this to NORMAL or SLOW:
T
The choices, as usual, are displayed in the bottom
of the screen:
-----------------------------------
How long should the computer
take to draw a character?
1 SLOW SPEED
2 NORMAL SPEED
3 FAST SPEED
4 NO DELAY
----------------------------------
This, like the other defaults, can be switched
back and forth whenever you like.
Some of the characters will be Long Form others
will be Short Form, most characters will be both. You
must select which file you want them to be stored in:
F
will bring up the display that will let you choose:
-----------------------------------
To which file are these characters
going to be added?
1. SHORT.FRM
2. LONG.FRM
3. BOTH SHORT.FRM AND LONG.FRM
-------------------------------------
You must choose which of these you want. Your
selection will then be written to the parameter file
BIAN.SHU.
36
Any of these choices that you changed on another
of the companion programs, KAPIAN, or GONGKE will still
be the default when you start this program. Any changes
you make here will be used by the next program in this
series that you run.
As before:
Q
QUITS this menu and returns you to the MAIN MENU.
37
HANZI: List the File
****************************************************
****************************************************
By choosing to "List the file" you can get a quick
look at the file. Each record will be displayed. The
records are sorted by character number. Their numbers
are the same as those given by the New Practical Chinese
Dictionary, published by the Far East Book Company,
Limited. There are 7331 characters in this book but
they are in Long Form. This means: 1) you will have to
know the long form to find the number; and 2) you will
need to have access to a copy of this dictionary -- if
you want to continue the system that has been started.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ ├─── │
│ │ │
│ │ │
│ ────────┴─────── │
│ \ │
│ SHANG │
│ │
│ Character number 6 │
│ │
│ Record number 4 │
│ │
│ Back Next Quit │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
The current default file will determine the form
of the character that will be displayed. You must have
chosen either SHORT.FRM or LONG.FRM. Here is one place
where you can not use both files at the same time.
As you can see, in each screen you have three
choices at the bottom of the screen:
Back Next Quit
38
You can make any of these selections by pressing
the first letter of each choice.
B
"Back" will take you to the previous character on
the current file that you have selected.
N
"Next" will take you to the next LIST THE FILE
SCREEN, so the next character.
Q
"Quit" will take you back to the MAIN MENU.
39
HANZI: Add a Character
**************************************************
**************************************************
When you select the "Add a character" option you
see this screen:
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │ In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 │
│ │ 1 0 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ │ 2 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ ────────┘ 3 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 0 50 4 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 5 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 6 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 7 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 8 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ Number 9 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 11 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 12 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ Tone 13 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 5 14 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 15 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 16 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ Place 19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 0 │
│ Quit Number PinYin Index │
│ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
First you must select a number for this character
to be saved as:
N
40
Will bring up a screen that will ask for a four
digit number
P
Will bring up a screen that will ask for a name of
the character, this is optional but it will be helpful
to record the character more completely. The standard
is using Pinyin and including the tone and place of the
tone.
Hanzi records characters as a series of lines so
you must define those lines by answering four questions:
1) Which of the 1 through 40 possible lines you are
talking about?
2) Do you want a pause at the end of this line? You can
answer either 0 or 1. If -- 0 -- this line is a separate
line or the last part of a stroke; or -- 1 -- this line
is a part of a longer line.
3) Where are the beginning and ending positions of this
line? This question's answer must be broken up into
four numbers. The left to right number for the
beginning of this line, ( it's x1 number ); the up to
down number for the beginning of this line (it's y1
number); the left to right number for the ending of this
line ( it's x2 number); the up to down number for the
ending of this line (it's y2).
Here is when you must begin some careful planning.
The first step, in finding this set of numbers that will
describe a character, is to draw the character on a grid
like that shown in the form you have printed out
earlier.
So you will need some copies of the Character Form
on the next page. Probably you will want to print them
by using one of the files: CHARACTR.TXT. You can just
use the DOS copy command. Most dot matrix printers will
print this file if you have set your printer to graphics
on:
COPY CHARACTR.TXT PRN
your favorite word processor will probably provide the
capability to print multiple copies.
After you have drawn the character you will find
it helpful to go back and make a large dot at some
points along any curved line in the character. These
dots will break the curved line up into a series of
straight lines that can then be plotted into the array
41
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48
0 ┌─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┬─┐ 0
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
4 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 4
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
8 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 8
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
12 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 12
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
16 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 16
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
20 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 20
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
24 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 24
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
28 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 28
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
32 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 32
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
36 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 36
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
40 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 40
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
44 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 44
├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤
48 ├─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┼─┤ 48
└─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┴─┘
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 50
Character Number _______ Long/ Short Form __
Tone - 1 __ None 5 __
Character Sound __________ / 2 __ .v. 6 __
V 3 __ .. 7 __
Place Number of Tone _____ \ 4 __
st x1 y1 x2 y2 st x1 y1 x2 y2
1 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 21 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
2 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 22 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
3 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 23 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
4 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 24 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
5 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 25 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
6 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 26 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
7 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 27 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
8 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 28 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
9 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 29 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
10 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 30 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
11 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 31 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
12 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 32 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
13 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 33 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
14 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 34 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
15 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 35 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
16 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 36 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
17 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 37 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
18 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 38 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
19 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 39 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
20 __ ___ ___ ___ ___ 40 __ ___ ___ ___ ___
provided to record the character. It is hard to say how
many of these lines will be needed to render the curved
line correctly. The number that you will use to record
the up/down or left/right positions can be from 1 to
49. It has been found that you can draw almost all of
these characters with only even numbers, that is 2, 4,
6, 8, ... , 46,48. This means that really you may plan
on using the intersections of the grids on the
Character Form as they are drawn. You can not use 0 or
50.
The practice section will provide the numbers to
record 8 new characters if you want to try them:
1 PIAN 3301
1 GONG 418
2 BIAN 5695 ( long and short form )
2 SHU 2143 ( long and short form )
2 NAO 4704 ( long and short form )
This tutorial will also walk you through the
creation of KA character number 491.
Latter, using Gongke, these and other characters,
already on the file, will be used to make a new lesson
file of 11 additional English words:
KA hold, keep back
PIAN slice, piece
BIAN to change, accident
SHU number, to count
BIANSHU parameter, variable
NAO brain
DIANNAO computer
GONGKE school work, lessons
KAPIAN cards, flash cards
GONG merit, skill
KE lesson, class
Now let us assume you have:
1) drawn the character, and transferred the
numbers for its lines to the table below the grid
2) found that it has only one form and its number
in the dictionary is 491
3) found it's Pinyin romanization is KA, third
tone, over the second letter.
That is, you have filled out the form for this
character. Now it is time to begin to create.
For this practice you may want to transfer these
values for KA to the forms you have readied, or just
43
enter them into the program. I recommend you fill out
the form. I also recommend that you make sure you have
another method to save a hard copy other than the
handwritten form you worked on. Before starting Hanzi
I would turn the graphics on by entering:
GRAPHICS
at the DOS prompt. And if your printer does not have
the switch for graphics turned on, be it hardware or a
software switch, this may be a good time to do that,
also. Then you can make screen prints, as well as have
the file on disk and your handwritten copy.
Now select Number, it is time to begin making your
first character on the computer. Enter:
N
The screen will come up saying:
---------------------------------
The number of this character
as numbered by NEW PRACTICAL
CHINESE-DICTIONARY, by the
Far East Book Co. Ltd.
Is this okay (Y/N)?
---------------------------------
here you are able to put in up to four digits,
representing the number that will be used to retrieve
that character latter. Any number that has not been
used will do, but for the sake or consistency it would
be worth making the effort to find the number that will
place this character in this series. The program stores
a four place number but you could enter either:
491 (and hit the enter key)
or
491 (and hit the space bar)
or
0491
You can use whatever style suits you. The file
will have the value of "0491" if you do any one of
these.
44
Next the program will ask:
is this okay (Y/N)
If you mistyped you can answer No:
N
and retype the number, or backspace.
If you typed the number correctly you can enter:
Y
and the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN will reappear, this time
with the number you have typed in. Soon your ADD A
CHARACTER SCREEN will look like this.
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │ │ In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2 │
│ ├─ │ 1 0 16 10 30 10 21 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ ──┼─── │ 2 0 16 2 16 48 22 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ │\ │ 3 0 4 18 38 18 23 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ │ \ │ 4 0 18 20 32 40 24 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ ────────┘ 5 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 0 50 6 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 7 0 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ v 8 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ KA 9 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 10 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ Number 11 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 491 12 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 13 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 14 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ Tone 15 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 3 16 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ Place 19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 │
│ 2 │
│ Quit Number PinYin Index │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Next you could enter:
P
Then a screen will appear that will give you a
chance to record the Pinyin romanization. This is
optional, it is only for documentation. You will find
it is helpful to have this information on the screen and
the screen prints. You may want to put in another
romanization, or leave this blank. The other programs
that use this character will never know.
45
------------------------------------
Enter next letter or end with space
TONE of this CHAR 1= - 2= /
3= v 4= \
5= 6= .v.
7= ..
This tone is above character # ?
Is this correct (Y/N) ?
----------------------------------
If you want out of this screen you can 1) backspace
<-
to go back to the display screen or 2)
<enter> (for each field)
to go down through the screen.
To put a name on the screen, enter:
KA
You can end the entry by either pressing the space
bar or the enter key.
The cursor will go to Tone, enter:
3
Your cursor will then be taken to the Place field,
enter:
2
because the tone mark is over the second character.
If you have done all this correctly enter:
Y
for "Yes this is correct" and you will be returned to
the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN.
If you have mistyped something, you can either
enter:
N
and be taken to the top of the screen with blank data
values where your data had been, or you could
46
<backspace> ( <- ) through the fields until you have
erased the field you want to correct. Then you can go
forward again; and finally enter "Y".
So you will be back to the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN
with the romanization and tone displayed now.
Now we get to the point of entering the character
itself, enter:
I
will bring up the INDEX SCREEN.
---------------------------
Index
stroke part
x1 y1 x2 y2
Do another line?
----------------------------
KA is an easy character to start with, it has no curved
lines. So now you will enter:
1 ( and <enter> )
or
1 ( and <space> )
or
01
again pick the style of entry that suits you. This "1"
will put this set of data in the part of the file that
records the first line's position.
Now we come to a field called " stroke part" there
are only two possible numbers to enter here "1" or "0".
A "0" says that this line is the only part of a stroke,
or last part of a stroke: so pause. The pause is of a
length that the user determines at the time of the
practice or test. KA is made up of four straight lines.
So all of the lines are the last part of a stroke, so
all of these lines are going to have "0" entered in
"stroke part".
0
The cursor will go to the next field "x1". That is
the left-right position of one end of the line. In
this example it is:
16
47
because this is a two digit number you will be moved to
the next number "y1".
10
again it is a two digit number so you will be moved to
the next number "x2".
30
and the next, "y2":
10
You can backspace to make corrections. or to the
question "Do you want to do another line?" You could
answer Yes:
Y
This will put you back at the top of a bank screen.
Now you can enter a "2" and enter the numbers for the
second line, or "1" and do the line numbers for the
first line over if you have done something grossly
wrong.
Or you could enter:
N
Saying that you want to go to the ADD A CHARACTER
SCREEN and see what you have done. Then you can come
back and do some more parts to the character, or fix one
or more lines that are not right.
So there it is.
Just keep going to the next line, one line = one
Index Screen.
Stay in the loop by saying "Y" to "Do you want to
do another line?" This character only needs four lines.
When the four lines are done, answer "N" and see what
you have done. I recommend a screen print, again you
must have set graphics on you printer and typed GRAPHICS
before you started here:
<Shift> <PrtScr>
when that is done printing select Quit.
48
HANZI: Save the Character
****************************************************
****************************************************
At this time nothing has gone into the file. You
are building the data in main memory. When you are
ready to save it you will select Quit and leave the ADD
A CHARACTER SCREEN:
Q
If you are at all unsure of whether the selected
File is correct feel free to check it:
C
for change Defaults to make sure that KA will be saved
to both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM files. It is the same in
both styles. If file is not "Both LONG.FRM and
SHORT.FRM" change it.
Y
to return to the MAIN MENU. Now you can be sure it will
be saved as you want it to be. So begin the Save
process:
S
Messages will come up telling you of the progress
of this save. As the files grow the sort will take more
and more time. Expect a half a minute or so. A display
will appear that tells you; how many characters there
were in the currently selected file.
_______________________________
This character will be saved to:
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
_______________________________
it may say "both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM", or
"SHORT.FRM", or "LONG.FRM". In this example you should
49
have selected "3" on the CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN so it
should be saying "BOTH LONG.FRM AND SHORT.FRM".
Next a line will appear that will tell you the old
record count on the first ( or perhaps only) file to
which this character will be added.
_______________________________
This character will be added to:
both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM
LONG.FRM record count was: 283
________________________________
If you selected Both when you selected File in the
Change defaults screen then this character will be added
to both files and your screen will look like this:
______________________________
This character will be added to:
both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM
LONG.FRM record count was: 283
SHORT.FRM record count was: 283
__________________________________
Then you will be returned to the MAIN MENU. You
can look at it in its sorted place by listing the file,
"L". Or you could Retrieve it "R", and then Modify it
"M". Skip ahead in this tutorial if you want to see
more about these options.
There are always things that could go wrong.
If there is already a character with that
character number in the file a warning will appear and
you can chose to either overwrite it or not.
If you chose to overwrite this new one will
replace the old.
If your currently selected file is BOTH, this
process will be repeated for the other character, if
both files have a character by that number and if you
choose to not overwrite either the screen will look like
this:
50
_______________________________
This character will be added to:
both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM
LONG.FRM record count was: 283
This file has a character by
this number. Okay overwrite (N/Y)
Did not write: LONG.FRM
SHORT.FRM record count was: 283
This file has a character by
this number. Okay overwrite (N/Y)
Did not write: SHORT.FRM
__________________________________
If you are not sure what character you are
overwriting you could do some investigating. 1) Modify
the characters number. 2) Save it under a number that is
not used. 3) look at the current character by this
number, Retrieve it. Repeat the process for the other
character file. You could save to one file and not the
other.
Another problem is that you may also find that you
get the message:
"OPENING NEW FILE"
This means that you do not have the currently
selected file on this currently selected disk / drive
combination. Probably you do not want to do this, but
maybe you do.
51
HANZI: Retrieve a character
*****************************************************
*****************************************************
If you are unsure about what is in either file,
first go to the CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN and select the
one file you want to look at now, ( the BOTH option will
not work here, you can only retrieve from one file at a
time ). Then select RETRIEVE A CHARACTER from the MAIN
MENU:
R
the screen that comes next will ask:
_____________________________________
Enter the number of the character
_____________________________________
The system needs a four place number but you can enter
either:
311 (and enter )
or
311 ( and space )
or
0311
all would have the same effect, either the character
will be found or it won't be.
If it is found it will be displayed on the RETRIEVE
A CHARACTER SCREEN and at the bottom you will be asked:
"Is this correct (Y/N)"
if you answer "Y" you will be returned to the MAIN MENU,
52
from there you can chose to Modify the character or
whatever else you want to. If you choose "N" you will
be asked for another number.
If the character number is not found you will see:
"Character not found; give up (Y/N)?"
If you answer "Y" you will be returned to the MAIN
MENU. If you answer "N" the screen will start over
again and you can enter a new number in.
53
HANZI: Modify character
***************************************************
***************************************************
This screen displays the working memory part of the
program. When you come into the program this area is
blank. It is also cleared out when you go into the ADD
A CHARACTER SCREEN. In order to put new values here you
can to either: 1) retrieve a character then come here to
modify it or 2) you could modify one you were adding.
You can Modify a character that is currently in
memory by selecting MODIFY CHARACTER from the MAIN MENU:
M
the MODIFY CHARACTER SCREEN will appear. It looks and
acts like the ADD A CHARACTER SCREEN, just as you could
redo part of a character when you were adding it; you
can now change the character that you just retrieved.
In fact, if you leave a character during an add you must
come back to it through this screen. You can change the
number, the Pinyin sound, or any line in the character
now. You could change the whole character or any part
of it. By changing the number, you could save it to a
new place in the file. By Quiting this screen, then
going to Change Defaults screen and changing the file
name you could change where the character is saved. If
it is only on one file now you could put it on both.
You could retrieve a similar character and build
the new parts for a different character without building
all of the character. If you have saved frequently used
radicals (parts of a characters) with numbers like 9001
and 9002 (that will not be used) then you could retrieve
them and use them to build new characters that use that
radical here in the MODIFY CHARACTER SCREEN.
54
HANZI: Practice set
***************************************************
***************************************************
If you feel like doing some more here are 8.
-
PIAN
Number 3301
Tone 1 Place 3
In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2
1 1 14 2 14 20 21 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 14 20 12 34 22 0 0 0 0 0
3 1 12 34 10 40 23 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 10 40 6 46 24 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 26 4 26 12 25 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 14 12 36 12 26 0 0 0 0 0
7 1 14 20 26 20 27 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 26 20 26 44 28 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 0
11 0 0 0 0 0 31 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0
13 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0
14 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0
15 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0
16 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0
17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0
18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0
19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0
20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0
Notice that the first line in PIAN is rendered
here as four lines. So for the first 3 lines the stroke
part numbers are "1" under "st" saying that the computer
is not to pause after drawing them. The first four
lines are one stroke.
It is also the same in both LONG.FORM and
SHORT.FRM. So you can save this to both files.
When you design your own character, be careful to
get the strokes in their correct order, if you are going
55
to practice these characters you should see them drawn
in the correct stroke order.
/
GONG Number 418 Tone 2 Place 2
In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2
1 0 6 12 18 8 21 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 12 10 12 32 22 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 4 36 18 30 23 0 0 0 0 0
4 1 22 18 40 14 24 0 0 0 0 0
5 1 40 14 40 22 25 0 0 0 0 0
6 1 40 22 38 36 26 0 0 0 0 0
7 1 38 36 36 44 27 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 36 44 32 40 28 0 0 0 0 0
9 1 28 4 26 24 29 0 0 0 0 0
10 1 26 24 22 36 30 0 0 0 0 0
11 0 22 36 18 44 31 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 0 0 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0
13 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0
14 0 0 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 0
15 0 0 0 0 0 35 0 0 0 0 0
16 0 0 0 0 0 36 0 0 0 0 0
17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0
18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0
19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0
20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0
Gong is the same in both LONG.FRM and SHORT.FRM
/
BIAN Number 5695 Tone 4 Place 3
In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2
1 0 22 2 26 8 21 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 12 8 36 8 22 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 20 8 20 26 23 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 28 8 28 26 24 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 18 12 10 26 25 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 30 12 38 26 26 0 0 0 0 0
7 1 16 28 32 28 27 0 0 0 0 0
8 1 32 28 30 32 28 0 0 0 0 0
9 1 30 32 24 38 29 0 0 0 0 0
10 1 24 38 18 42 30 0 0 0 0 0
11 1 18 42 10 46 31 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 10 46 4 48 32 0 0 0 0 0
13 1 16 28 28 40 33 0 0 0 0 0
14 1 28 40 34 44 34 0 0 0 0 0
15 1 34 44 40 46 35 0 0 0 0 0
16 0 40 46 48 48 36 0 0 0 0 0
17 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 0 0 0 0
18 0 0 0 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0
19 0 0 0 0 0 39 0 0 0 0 0
20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0
56
Bian has a modified version so save this in SHORT.FRM
\
BIAN Number 5695 Tone 4 Place 3
In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2
1 1 14 2 6 10 21 0 44 14 44 18
2 0 6 10 12 10 22 0 40 16 40 26
3 1 14 8 6 16 23 0 38 18 34 26
4 0 6 16 14 16 24 0 42 18 46 26
5 0 14 14 14 18 25 1 14 30 34 30
6 0 10 16 10 26 26 1 34 30 30 38
7 0 8 18 4 26 27 1 30 38 28 40
8 0 12 18 16 26 28 1 28 40 20 44
9 0 20 2 28 2 29 1 20 44 14 46
10 0 18 6 30 6 30 0 14 46 6 48
11 0 20 10 28 10 31 1 14 30 20 36
12 0 20 14 28 14 32 1 20 36 26 40
13 0 20 18 20 26 33 1 26 40 38 46
14 1 20 18 28 18 34 0 38 46 48 48
15 0 28 18 28 26 35 0 0 0 0 0
16 0 20 26 28 26 36 0 0 0 0 0
17 1 44 2 36 10 37 0 0 0 0 0
18 0 36 10 42 10 38 0 0 0 0 0
19 1 44 8 36 16 39 0 0 0 0 0
20 0 36 16 44 16 40 0 0 0 0 0
This version of bian is to be saved to LONG.FRM.
\
SHU Number 2143 Tone 4 Place 3
In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2
1 0 8 2 14 8 21 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 24 2 18 8 22 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 8 10 24 10 23 0 0 0 0 0
4 0 16 2 16 20 24 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 14 12 8 20 25 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 18 12 22 18 26 0 0 0 0 0
7 1 16 24 10 34 27 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 10 34 20 48 28 0 0 0 0 0
9 1 20 30 18 36 29 0 0 0 0 0
10 1 18 36 16 40 30 0 0 0 0 0
11 0 16 40 8 48 31 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 4 30 26 30 32 0 0 0 0 0
13 0 38 6 30 16 33 0 0 0 0 0
14 0 28 18 46 18 34 0 0 0 0 0
15 1 42 20 40 26 35 0 0 0 0 0
16 1 40 26 32 42 36 0 0 0 0 0
17 0 32 42 26 48 37 0 0 0 0 0
18 1 28 18 42 46 38 0 0 0 0 0
19 0 42 46 46 48 39 0 0 0 0 0
20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0
Save this for SHORT.FRM of shu.
57
\
SHU Number 2143 Tone 4 Place 3
In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2
1 0 6 4 6 12 21 0 32 42 26 48
2 1 6 4 18 4 22 1 28 18 42 46
3 0 18 4 18 12 23 0 42 46 46 48
4 0 6 8 18 8 24 0 0 0 0 0
5 0 6 12 18 12 25 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 4 18 4 26 26 0 0 0 0 0
7 1 4 18 20 18 27 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 20 18 20 26 28 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 4 26 20 26 29 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 12 2 12 30 30 0 0 0 0 0
11 1 12 34 8 40 31 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 8 40 18 48 32 0 0 0 0 0
13 1 18 38 16 42 33 0 0 0 0 0
14 1 16 42 12 46 34 0 0 0 0 0
15 0 12 46 8 48 35 0 0 0 0 0
16 0 4 38 22 38 36 0 0 0 0 0
17 0 38 6 30 16 37 0 0 0 0 0
18 0 28 18 46 18 38 0 0 0 0 0
19 1 42 20 40 26 39 0 0 0 0 0
20 1 40 26 32 42 40 0 0 0 0 0
Save this to LONG.FRM again it uses 2143.
v
NAO Number 4704 Tone 3 Place 2
In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2
1 1 6 4 6 36 21 0 0 0 0 0
2 1 6 36 4 42 22 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 4 42 2 44 23 0 0 0 0 0
4 1 6 4 18 4 24 0 0 0 0 0
5 1 18 4 18 48 25 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 18 48 14 44 26 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 6 12 18 12 27 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 6 20 18 20 28 0 0 0 0 0
9 0 32 6 36 14 29 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 24 18 46 18 30 0 0 0 0 0
11 1 42 22 38 30 31 0 0 0 0 0
12 1 38 30 32 38 32 0 0 0 0 0
13 0 32 38 28 40 33 0 0 0 0 0
14 1 28 22 32 26 34 0 0 0 0 0
15 1 32 26 38 32 35 0 0 0 0 0
16 0 38 32 42 40 36 0 0 0 0 0
17 1 24 20 24 44 37 0 0 0 0 0
18 0 24 44 46 44 38 0 0 0 0 0
19 0 46 20 46 44 39 0 0 0 0 0
20 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0
This is the SHORT.FRM of nao.
58
v
NAO Number 4704 Tone 3 Place 2
In St x1 y1 x2 y2 In St x1 y1 x2 y2
1 1 6 4 6 36 21 0 40 40 42 42
2 1 6 36 4 42 22 1 26 26 26 46
3 0 4 42 2 44 23 0 26 46 46 46
4 1 6 4 18 4 24 0 46 26 46 46
5 1 18 4 18 48 25 0 0 0 0 0
6 0 18 48 14 44 26 0 0 0 0 0
7 0 6 12 18 12 27 0 0 0 0 0
8 0 6 20 18 20 28 0 0 0 0 0
9 1 34 4 26 14 29 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 26 14 34 22 30 0 0 0 0 0
11 1 40 4 32 14 31 0 0 0 0 0
12 0 32 14 40 22 32 0 0 0 0 0
13 1 46 4 38 14 33 0 0 0 0 0
14 0 38 14 46 22 34 0 0 0 0 0
15 0 26 26 46 26 35 0 0 0 0 0
16 1 42 30 40 34 36 0 0 0 0 0
17 1 40 34 36 38 37 0 0 0 0 0
18 0 36 38 30 42 38 0 0 0 0 0
19 1 30 30 34 34 39 0 0 0 0 0
20 1 34 34 40 40 40 0 0 0 0 0
This is the LONG.FRM
Now you should have a good start on making
characters. If you want to change any that have been
supplied with this package you can do so.
These characters will be used in the practice for
making lesson files with the program Gongke. Once you
have completed these you can check that they are there
by either retrieving them or listing them.
For future reference it is a good idea to save
these screen prints of your new characters.
59
Part 3: Gongke
60
GONGKE: Introduction
*****************************************************
*****************************************************
Now we have come to the point where you can make or
modify Gongke (lesson files). With this program you can
create files that will allow the practice of new
vocabulary or old vocabulary with new methods of
romanization. In addition to Pinyin you could study
Wade Giles or Yale or another dialect like Cantonese.
For this practice in the use of the program you will
continue to use the characters that you made with Hanzi,
and we will use Pinyin romanization.
If you follow along you will have a new lesson file
that can be used to test you and others on an additional
11 English words:
KA hold, keep back
PIAN slice, piece
BIAN to change, accident
SHU number, to count
BIANSHU parameter, variable
NAO brain
DIANNAO computer
GONGKE school work, lessons
KAPIAN cards, flash cards
GONG merit, skill
KE lesson, class
Kapian will of course give the test in a different
order each time. So the order of the lesson screens
only effects the order they will be shown during the
"Study" series not the test series.
If you have a floppy drive system, these files will
have to be on the current drive:
GONGKE.EXE this program you are learning how to use.
BIAN.SHU the parameter file.
LONG.FRM or SHORT.FRM depending on in which form you
would like to see on your lessons, during
development.
Those who are going to use the lessons can choose
either file LONG.FRM or SHORT.FRM. By choosing a
different file when they study, and self test they
61
choose a different type of character. Remember when you
made the new character you gave the same character, in
different forms, the same number in both LONG.FRM and
SHORT.FRM. Because ASCII Graphic characters are not
detailed enough, this .DOC file has no characters shown
for lessons.
Actually you could develope the lesson files
without developing the characters first, all you need is
a file by the name you selected; with or without the
characters used by the lessons you are developing. The
characters would be replaced in the display by "X" as
they are here. If you have the characters in the
selected file you can not only see them but also see
when you have typed the number wrong. All the right
character numbers would result in the right characters
being displayed, and the wrong numbers showing either
wrong characters if there is a character with that
number or an "X" if there are no characters by that
wrong number.
Again if you have a hard drive the important files
should be on the same directory.
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ P Program information │
│ │
│ C Change defaults │
│ │
│ A Add a screen │
│ │
│ S Save current screen │
│ │
│ R Retrieve a screen │
│ │
│ M Modify current screen │
│ │
│ Q Quit │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Before starting up GONGKE I would turn the graphics
on by entering:
GRAPHICS
at the DOS prompt. This will allow you to print these
screens if you have a printer that is capable of
graphics.
You may also want to print a few copies of
LESSON.TXT. This form will be helpful as you plan your
lessons.
62
To start GONGKE just type:
GONGKE
at the DOS prompt. After the title appears you press
any key to get this menu. You may want to read the
PROGRAM INFORMATION SCREEN shown by typing:
P
and again any key to get the MAIN MENU SCREEN.
63
GONGKE: Change Defaults
*****************************************************
*****************************************************
By selecting Change defaults you will see the
CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN:
C
This screen will appear. It is similar to others that
are used by other programs in this set. It allows you
to make changes in the appearance of the program on the
screen.
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ C Color WHITE LETTERS ON BLUE │
│ L Line NARROW │
│ S Sound ON │
│ T Timing NO DELAY │
│ F File of characters SHORT.FRM │
│ N New Lesson File FOREIA01.PIN │
│ current drive and directory │
│ Q Quit │
│ _______________________________________ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
│ │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
************
Color
************
Here again you can change colors any time you get
bored with the current color of your screen just as you
could in other similar screens in the other programs,
HANZI and KAPIAN. Type:
C
The different color combinations that are available
will be displayed at the bottom of the screen. You must
choose one:
64
-------------------------
Do you want:
1 WHITE ON RED
2 WHITE ON BLUE
3 GOLD ON RED
4 GOLD ON BLUE
5 GOLD ON BLACK
-------------------------
Once you have made your choice, the bottom will go
blank, and the choice will be seen, this time both in
the new display and the new colors. If you have a black
and white screen, it will show new shades of grey.
******************
Line width
******************
You can change the width of the lines the computer
uses to draw them:
L
These choices will show up:
--------------------------
1 WIDE LINES
2 NARROW LINES
--------------------------
The choice again is yours. Once you make it, you
will be returned to the CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN; and this
time you will see the new look you have
selected.
************
Sound
*************
GONGKE will also warn you with sounds only if you
have the sound turned on. These sounds can be helpful
in determining your success in building your lesson
file, but there are times when you don't want any noise.
So you can make that change:
S
And you will be asked:
65
----------------------------------
Do you want the sound: 1 ON
2 OFF
---------------------------------
The error warning sounds can be turned OFF or ON
here. If you select OFF, you will only have the error
screens to warn you of your typing mistakes. But you
can always come back here and turn the sound ON again
when you feel it won't disturb anyone.
**************
Timing
**************
Changing the timing is another one of the controls
that can be customized to fit into your development
effort. You may want NO DELAY; but it can be enjoyable
to see the computer do the drawing; you may like FAST
SPEED:
T
The choices as usual are displayed in the bottom of
the screen:
-----------------------------------
How long should the computer
take to draw a character?
1 SLOW SPEED
2 NORMAL SPEED
3 FAST SPEED
4 NO DELAY
----------------------------------
This, like the other defaults, can be switched back
and forth whenever you like.
**********
File
**********
Here you can also pick the style of characters that
will show up on your screens when you have developed
them. This is why these files have to be available
during development. Select:
F
F File will ask:
66
-----------------------------------
From which file are these characters going
to be displayed?
1. SHORT.FRM
2. LONG.FRM
-------------------------------------
You must chose which of these you want. Your selection
will then be written to the parameter file BIAN.SHU.
**************************
New Lesson File
**************************
Here you get to sign your work. The name of the
new lesson file should be the first five letters of it's
creator. Unless you are using a lesson created to match
some textbook. Then the first letters are those of the
first five letters of the author of the textbook.
You select:
N
for New lesson file. The new bottom part of the screen
will look like this:
---------------------------------------
1..5 First 5 letters of file = first 5
letters of author's name
FORI = Foreign Languages Press.
6 What textbook series A..Z
7..8 What lesson number 01..99
9 What romanization method;
P=PIN, W=WAD, Y=YAL, C=CAT
12345678.9
_
------------------------------------------
Before you start you may get out of this screen
with a backspace.
Here you are making your file so name it after
yourself. Enter the first five letters of your name, if
it is shorter than five letters use hyphens. I used
MOSIE for Mosier:
MOSIE
67
Next you may type a letter "C" for Computer
vocabulary. You could make a vocabulary of M Map terms,
R Restaurant terms, B Business terms, A Art terms;
whatever you like.
C
Next you will enter the file number; it must be two
digits:
01
This will show it is the first lesson file in this
series.
Then you will have to select the romanization
method you want to study. Some files could be made up
to cover the same vocabulary in a different
romanization; Yale, Wade Giles, or Cantonese. So you
need to respond to the question for position 9:
What romanization method;
P=PIN, W=WAD, Y=YAL, C=CAT
P
then the process of changing the parameter file will
take place.
Some lesson files are by me, Phil Mosier, one is
called
MOSIEF01.PIN
MOSIE for the first five letters of my name
F to indicate that they are for use with
FOREIGN LANGUAGE PRESS books.
01 their numbers are 01 through 03
P would be selected to get file extension PIN
and the romanization is Pinyin
These files are the individual characters
introduced by the same textbook series but not defined
individually in the text book. These characters were
only used in combinations in the book. I got their
meanings from dictionaries.
Remember any changes you make here will still be
used by the next program in this series that you run.
If you want to use this file in Kapian, fine. If you
want to use a different one there in Kapian you will
have to reset that one when you run Kapian because this
new file will be the one that it looks for at start up
time.
68
As before:
Q
QUITS this menu and returns you to the MAIN MENU.
69
GONGKE: Add a screen
****************************************************
****************************************************
The first thing you must do to create a file of
lesson screens is to plain them. This involves first
selecting the words you want to learn and the selections
that will be displayed along with them. The wrong
answers. To help in this, here is a form that you can
use. You can make photocopies of this one or print the
file LESSON.FRM:
COPY LESSON.FRM PRN
Your favorite word processor will probably read this
file in and allow you to make multiple copies.
The lessons we will make are going to have these
words in the top choice section, that is they are the
target set. A correct answer will match one part of the
top section to some other part of the top section. A
wrong answer will match one part in the top section with
some part of some other section, 2, 3, or 4.
KA hold, keep back 491
PIAN slice, piece 3301
BIAN to change, accident 5635
SHU number, to count 2143
BIANSHU parameter, variable 5695 2143
NAO brain 4704
DIANNAO computer 6690 4704
GONGKE school work, lessons 418 5600
KAPIAN cards, flash cards 491 3301
GONG merit, skill 418
KE lesson, class 5600
70
┌─────────┬─────────┬──────────┬─────────┐
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │
│ │ │ │ │
└─────────┴─────────┴──────────┴─────────┘
File Name _______________________ Screen Number _____
Tones 1 = -, 2 = /, 3 = V, 4 = \, 5 = , 6 = .v., 7 = ..
1) English Tones
____ ____ ____ ___
________________________________ Position
Chinese Sound ____ ____ ____ ___
Character Number
________________________________ ____ ____ ____ ___
2) English Tones
____ ____ ____ ___
________________________________ Position
Chinese Sound ____ ____ ____ ___
Character Number
________________________________ ____ ____ ____ ___
3) English Tones
____ ____ ____ ___
________________________________ Position
Chinese Sound ____ ____ ____ ___
Character Number
________________________________ ____ ____ ____ ___
4) English Tones
____ ____ ____ ___
________________________________ Position
Chinese Sound ____ ____ ____ ___
Character Number
________________________________ ____ ____ ____ ___
You can select the wrong answers from whatever
characters and English meanings you want, I choose the
wrong answers from the same set of characters that are
in the current file. The maximum number of Chinese
characters that Kapian can use is 190, the most screens
that it can hold is 70, so no lesson file you design can
have more screens than 70, and all together they can not
have more characters than 190. I try to make all the
wrong answers contain the same Chinese characters as the
targets in the current file, but this is not necessarily
required. The only requirement is that the whole lesson
file have less than 190 characters. I also try to make
the wrong answers have the same number of Chinese
characters as has the correct answer.
Now that you have planned the file contents select
ADD A SCREEN from the MAIN MENU:
A
You will see this screen. Only it will have the file
name you selected.
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) │
│ 0 0 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) │
│ 0 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ │
│ 3) │
│ 0 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ │
│ 4) │
│ 0 0 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
First you must select a Screen number for this
screen:
S
will bring up a screen that will ask: "What is the
number of this screen?"
72
Enter a two digit number:
1 ( and a space)
or
1 ( and Enter )
or
01
then you will see:
-----------------------------------
What is the number of this screen?
01
-----------------------------------
Any key will return you to ADD A SCREEN SCREEN.
Here you will choose the DATA-ENTRY option.
D
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ Enter Choice Number │
│ │
│ English Meaning │
│ │
│ Chinese Sound │
│ ┌────────────────── │
│ Tone numbers │ │
│ │ │
│ Place for tones │ │
│ │ │
│ Character Numbers │ │
│ │ │
│ │
│ │
│ Are you done? # (Y/N) │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
This will bring up the DATA-ENTRY SCREEN.
The first thing you will enter here is the Choice
number. It is a 1 digit number that determines the
place this new data, you are about to enter, will be in
the lesson; enter:
1
73
You are first going to enter the target set of
information, the entries about the correct set of data.
The cursor will go to the "English Meaning" part of the
data. The largest number of key strokes allowed in this
part is 25; type:
hold, keep back ( and Enter )
Next the cursor will go to the "Chinese Sound" part
of the screen. The most key strokes here is 15; type:
ka ( and Enter )
Next the cursor will go to the "Tone numbers" part
of the screen, here you enter the one number for the
tone of this sound:
3
Next you will need to get to the "Place for tones"
entry area; press enter 3 times. Your cursor should now
be right under the "3" you typed in and beside "Place
for tones". If you passed it use the backspace key ( <-
). Now enter the place that this first tone should
appear, it must be a two digit number, it is over the
second letter, so enter:
2 ( and enter )
or
2 ( and space )
or
02
use your favorite style. Now you move the cursor to be
under the "2". Press Enter three times. Your cursor
should be under the 2 and beside "Character number".
Now enter the "Character Numbers", a four digit number,
in this case the one character is 491 so it can be
entered:
491 ( and space )
or
491 ( and enter )
or
0491
again you must enter three more times.
74
The cursor will go down to the question; "Are you
done? (Y/N)". You now have the chance to answer "Y"
which means you will be returned to the ADD A SCREEN
SCREEN and this one new set of data will appear in the
first row. Or "N" which will give you a new blank DATA-
ENTRY SCREEN to enter another part of the data. Or you
could press (<-) backspace to correct some part of the
display.
Your screen should now look like this:
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ Enter Choice Number │
│ 1 │
│ English Meaning │
│ hold, keep back │
│ Chinese Sound │
│ ka ┌────────────────── │
│ Tone numbers │ 3 │
│ │ │
│ Place for tones │ 2 │
│ │ │
│ Character Numbers │ 491 │
│ │ │
│ │
│ │
│ Are you done? # (Y/N) │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Now you can see your handy work so you enter
Y
and see the current status of this lesson and then
select
D
for DATA-ENTRY again. You will see a blank screen again
so you can do another level or redo a level that has
been done.
Now continue working through the lesson form for
the other three selections. When you are done the
screen should look like this if you have not done the
required characters:
75
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) hold, keep back x │
│ v │
│ ka 491 0 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) merit, skill x │
│ - │
│ gong 418 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) lesson, class x │
│ \ │
│ ke 5600 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) slice, piece x │
│ \ │
│ pian 3301 0 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 1 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Because of space considerations, if the English
meaning is longer than 15 places it will be displayed
here on two lines. From here you can make a screen
print, as you did when you made a character. Then you
will save the lesson to your file. First Quit this
area:
Q
Then select Save from the MAIN MENU.
76
GONGKE: Save current screen
******************************************************
******************************************************
After selecting Save from the MAIN MENU you will
see a notice on the screen about the screen that is
being saved.
First you will see:
----------------------------
Opening New File
Writing to screen: 1
in lesson: MOSIEC01.PIN
--------------------------
The next screen should be numbered 2, and so on.
The succeeding Saves will not open a new file.
If you have already saved a screen with this screen
number a warning will also be displayed here, as in
HANZI. You will have to answer Yes or No about whether
you want to overwrite the old screen or not.
77
GONGKE: Retrieve a screen
*****************************************************
*****************************************************
If you want to see what the screens are like in a
GONGKE, or lesson file, you have created you can select
and view them one at a time.
Use the CHANGE DEFAULTS SCREEN to pick the lesson
file you want to view. Then select Retrieve from the
MAIN MENU:
R
and you will be asked:
-----------------------
Enter the number of the lesson screen
-----------------------
The system needs a two place number, you can enter:
1 ( and enter)
or
1 ( and space )
or
01
if there is a lesson screen by that number it will be
displayed.
If there is a problem you could either be given the
message "file not found" and "lesson screen not found;
give up (Y/N)?" or just "lesson screen not found; give
up (Y/N)?" depending on the problem.
If the screen you wanted is found and displayed the
bottom of the screen will ask you:
Is this correct (Y/N) ?
If you want to continue looking through the file
78
just type in:
N
and you can select the next lesson screen to look at,
perhaps 2. And continue through the file in this way.
If you want to modify this screen, keep it in
memory by selecting:
Y
you will be returned to the MAIN MENU.
79
GONGKE: Modify current screen
******************************************************
******************************************************
If you want to modify an existing screen you must
first bring that screen into memory. This means 1)
selecting the correct Gongke file using CHANGE DEFAULTS
SCREEN, 2) bringing the screen into memory by entering
that number in the RETRIEVE A SCREEN SCREEN.
Then you can select "Modify Current Screen" from
the MAIN MENU:
M
the MODIFY CURRENT SCREEN SCREEN will appear and your
choices are just as when on the ADD A SCREEN SCREEN, you
can Quit, Change Screen-number, or Data-entry. Here you
can fix any problems you see with the screens. You can
overwrite any problems you find with the screen. Then
you will save the new version and overwrite the old
version in the file.
80
GONGKE: Practice
******************************************************
******************************************************
Here are the other screens in the practice set.
They allow you to use the new characters and an old one,
DIAN electricity. The top level should be done with
great care. The correct English meaning should be typed
in, the Chinese sound should be spelled correct with the
tone over the correct letter, and those should match the
Chinese character. You could use other wrong choices if
you want, they are in the bottom three levels. The
levels 2, 3, and 4 will be used to provide the wrong
parts of the test. They are the wrong English meanings,
wrong Chinese characters, and wrong Chinese sounds. For
these files I have used other level 1's from other
screens for the levels 2, 3, and 4 on this screen. Also
the wrong answers have the same number of characters as
the target in level 1. Here in KAPIAN.DOC I have not
attempted to make the Chinese character with ANSII
graphics. When you get your manual these characters
will be shown in that manual.
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) slice, piece x │
│ \ │
│ pian 3301 0 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) hold, keep back x │
│ v │
│ ka 491 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) merit, skill x │
│ - │
│ gong 418 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) lesson, class x │
│ \ │
│ ke 5600 0 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 2 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
81
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) change, accident x │
│ \ │
│ bian 5695 0 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) slice, piece x │
│ \ │
│ pian 3301 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) hold, keep back x │
│ v │
│ ka 491 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) number, to count x │
│ \ │
│ shu 2143 0 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 3 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Don't be worried that "to change, accident" appears
on two lines. It will be displayed on one line in the
test. ADD A SCREEN displays 15 places of the English
meaning on one line and any more, up to the maximum of
25, on the next line.
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) number, to count x │
│ \ │
│ shu 2143 0 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) slice, piece x │
│ \ │
│ pian 3301 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) to change, accident x │
│ \ │
│ bian 5695 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) brain x │
│ v │
│ nao 4704 0 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 4 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
82
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) parmaeter, variable x x │
│ \ \ │
│ bianshu 5695 2143 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) cards, flash card x x │
│ v \ │
│ kapian 491 3301 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) school work, lesson x x │
│ - \ │
│ gongke 418 5600 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) computer x x │
│ \ v │
│ diannao 6690 4704 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 5 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) brain x │
│ v │
│ nao 4704 0 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) number, to count x │
│ \ │
│ shu 2143 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) to change, accident x │
│ \ │
│ bian 5695 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) slice, piece x │
│ \ │
│ pian 3301 0 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 6 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
83
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) computer x x │
│ \ v │
│ diannao 6690 4704 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) school work, lessons x x │
│ v \ │
│ gongke 418 5600 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) cards, flash cards x x │
│ v \ │
│ kapian 491 3301 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) parameter, variable x x │
│ \ \ │
│ bianshu 5695 2143 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 7 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) school work, lessons x │
│ - \ │
│ gongke 418 5600 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) parameter, variable x │
│ \ \ │
│ bianshu 5695 2143 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) computer x │
│ \ v │
│ diannao 6690 4704 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) cards, flash cards x │
│ v \ │
│ kapian 491 3301 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 8 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
84
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) cards, flash cards x x │
│ v \ │
│ kapian 491 3301 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) school work, lessons x x │
│ - \ │
│ gongke 418 5600 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) computer x x │
│ \ v │
│ diannao 6690 4704 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) parameter, variable x x │
│ \ \ │
│ bianshu 5695 2143 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 9 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) merit, skill x │
│ - │
│ gong 418 0 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) number, to count x │
│ \ │
│ shu 2143 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) brain x │
│ v │
│ nao 4704 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) lesson, class x │
│ \ │
│ ke 5600 0 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 10 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
85
┌────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ │
│ 1) lesson, class x │
│ \ │
│ ke 5600 0 0 0 │
│ ____________________________________ │
│ 2) slice, piece x │
│ \ │
│ pian 3301 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 3) hold, keep back x │
│ v │
│ ka 491 0 0 0 │
│ │
│ 4) to change, accident x │
│ \ │
│ bian 5695 0 0 0 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ MOSIEC01.PIN Screen-Number 11 │
│ _____________________________________ │
│ │
│ Quit Screen-number Data-entry │
└────────────────────────────────────────────┘
Just for consistency you can use Short Form
characters. Or use long form, if you like. The type of
characters you use during the creation of the screen
does not effect what the user can choose. The only part
of the character that stays in this file is the number,
and that is the same whether you use LONG.FRM or
SHORT.FRM during the test.
86
Glossary
****************************************************
****************************************************
ARCHIVE: A type of file in which other files have been
stored, usually in a compressed format. The file names
are invisible to the system. It is more efficient to
store and transport (i.e. over a data transmission line)
an archive file. The process of putting files into an
archived file. The shareware diskette is archived with
the utility PKZIP.
BIAN.SHU: Bianshu means a "variable", and BIAN.SHU holds
all the values that allow the programs to come back to
you looking just as you left them the last time they
were run.
CANTONESE: The dialect of Chinese spoken in Canton
Province near Hong Kong. The same Chinese characters
are used by the Chinese to write Cantonese and Mandarin.
So if you want to study Cantonese, you only need to make
up new Lesson Files to reflect the new sounds of that
dialect.
CGA: Color / Graphics Adapter. This is a computer board
that must be installed in your computer before KAPIAN,
GONGKE or HANZI will run. It could be attached to
either a color or Black / White monitor. Some graphics
cards, like Hercules, can be reprogrammed to emulate an
I.B.M. CGA.
COLORS: In this program, the choice of colors, is one
offered in the CHANGE DEFAULTS menu, and if you have a
true CGA and color monitor, the choices listed are the
colors that will be displayed on the screen. With a
black and white monitor you will see different shades of
gray. If your graphics card is not a true CGA, it may
show unpredictable colors.
COMBINATIONS: Groups of Chinese characters that have
taken on a meaning beyond that of any one of the
characters. This program will display and allow you to
review combinations that contain up to 4 Chinese
characters.
87
DEFAULT: The previous or most recent setting made. Here
the default settings are recorded in the file BIAN.SHU,
and the programs all look there as part of the start-up
routine. So the colors, sound ON/OFF, lesson file,
character form, etc., will all be the same as they were
the last time you ran any of these programs.
EXTRACT: To remove an archived file ( see Archive)
FORM OF CHARACTER: One change that the People's
Republic of China made after the revolution was the
change to a new form of some Chinese characters:
simplified form. About a third of the common Chinese
characters were changed. Kapian allows you to chose
which of these two forms you want to study.
GONGKE: Means "lessons". It is also the name of a
computer program that makes additional lesson files for
use by KAPIAN.
GRAPHICS CARD: A computer card that can be installed in
your computer. It allows certain types of graphics
modes to be displayed on your screen. Some graphics
cards like Hercules can be reprogrammed to emulate a CGA
(see CGA) (see I.B.M.).
HANZI: Means "Chinese character"; it is also the name
of a computer program that creates new Chinese
characters that are added to one or both of the Chinese
character files, LONG.FRM and/or SHORT.FRM.
HOT KEY: A mode of response to the key board that allows
some computer programs to use a key that is pressed
immediately with out waiting for the transmit key being
pressed as well.
HERCULES: A brand of computer graphics card.
I.B.M. International Business Machines, Inc.
KAPIAN: Kapian means "cards" or "flash cards"; the
program by that name emulates flash cards and like them
allows you to practice the vocabulary you are learning.
MANDARIN: A dialect of spoken Chinese typical of Beijing
and Taiwan. These sounds are represented in the roman
alphabet by different methods: Pinyin , Yale, Wade
Giles, to name a few.
LESSONS: Here "lessons" refer to individual files of
vocabulary that usually have about 50 English meanings
to study. They probably represent more than one chapter
in the average Chinese text book.
88
LONG FORM: The old traditional form of Chinese
Characters that are still used by Taiwan and Hong Kong.
These characters are in the LONG.FRM file (see: FORM OF
CHARACTER).
PINYIN: One of many methods of romanizing the Mandarin
dialect of Chinese. The method used in the Peoples
Republic of China.
ROMANIZATION: The process of putting into roman alphabet
the sound of Chinese or other languages that are not
usually written using roman letters.
SHAREWARE: A computer program that is copyrighted; and
all rights are owned by the author, who has chosen to
allow distribution with a few restrictions on an
introductory basis. Users are expected to register, and
in return they get some extra consideration and
materials.
SHORT FORM: The new form of Chinese characters that are
in use in the People's Republic of China. These
characters are in the file SHORT.FRM (see: FORM OF
CHARACTER).
TIMING: In this manual timing refers to the speed with
which the Chinese characters are displayed: from NO
DELAY to SLOW = 1 second between strokes. This is
intended to offer students a method of studying the
correct stroke order and is adjustable by selecting the
CHANGE DISPLAY DEFAULTS on the MAIN MENU and then the
TIMING on the next screen.
YALE: Here refers to a method of romanizing the Mandarin
dialect of Chinese.
WADE GILES: Is a method of romanizing the Mandarin
dialect of Chinese.
89
Order Form:
The registration of KAPAIN for $35 licenses you to
use the product on a regular basis and includes:
KAPIAN the latest version (GONGKE, and HANZI).
Manual that covers all three programs including
forms to help you plan your extended studies.
Yearly News Letter that reports updates and new or
extended data files as they become available.
Member: Association of Shareware Professionals
For support call (916) 927-2602 most evenings or
write:
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Phil Mosier
2728 Bridgeford Drive
Sacramento, CA 95833
____ KAPIAN ........@ $ 35.00 each $_____
(includes manual, annual news letter,
lastest version)
____ The KAPIAN Original Character Index
Indexes A, B, C ....@ $ 40.00 $_____
____ The KAPIAN Original Pinyin Lesson Index
Index D, E ........@ $ 15.00 $_____
Postage and Handling for orders within
the U.S. $4.00; Outside the U.S. $11.00 $_____
(California residents add 7.25% tax) $_____
Total $_____
Send check or money order (no COD please)
Name :_________________________________________
Institution :_________________________________________
Address :_________________________________________
State :_____________________ Zip :_________
Country :_________________________________________
90